LibGuides: Citing sources according to APA guidelines: 4.9 Visual works: Artwork in a museum or on a museum website ǀ Clip art, Stock image ǀ PowerPoint slides ǀ Infographic

4.9 Visual works

On this page:

🠇	Artwork in a museum or on a museum website	🠇	PowerPoint slides
🠇	Stock images ǀ Clip art	🠇	Infographic

Artwork in a museum or on a museum website

This format is used for all types of museum artwork, including paintings, sculptures, photographs, prints, drawings, digital art, crafts, and installations.

In the reference list

van Gogh, V. (1888). The bedroom [Painting]. Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. https://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/en/collection/s0047v1962

Smith, D. (1951). Australia [Sculpture]. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States. https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/david-smith-australia-1951/

Begin the reference with the surname and initial(s) of the artist. Follow the artist's own spelling (cite Vincent van Gogh as "van Gogh, V." and not as "Van Gogh, V.").
Give the publication year.
List the title of the artwork (in italics). Capitalize the first word of the title, the subtitle, and any proper nouns.
After the title, include a form-specific description in square brackets (important for identification and retrieval of the work).
List the name of the museum (capitalize the first word and all major words). Place a comma, and provide the location of the musem. For cities in the USA, provide the city name, the state abbreviation, and the country – e.g., San Francisco, CA, United States; Chicago, IL, United States. Also provide state abbreviations for places in Australia, Canada or other countries where state codes are used – e.g., Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Calgary, AB, Canada. For places elsewhere in the world, use the city and country – e.g., Auckland, New Zealand; Tokyo, Japan.
End the reference with a link to the artwork on the museum website if available.
Do not include a period after the URL.

In the text

Parenthetical citations: (van Gogh, 1888; Smith, 1951)

Narrative citations: van Gogh (1888) and Smith (1951)

Please note Use this format for in-text citations if you have cited an artwork in a museum in the text, where you have not reproduced the work. If you do reproduce it, this is a form of quoting directly. You must then add a note below the image with details about the image. How to proceed when reproducing a visual work is explained in Subsection 2.5 Reproducing figures or tables from another source and Subsection 2.6 Templates & Examples.

Note: Images and clip art from programs such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint can be used without attribution.

In the reference list

Reago, A., & McClarren, C. (2022). European starling [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/
photos/wildreturn/52559697939/

Begin the reference with the author’s real name if known. If only the username is known, provide the username (as in the example under the right tab).
Give the publication year. If the publication year cannot be determined, use “n.d.” (for “no date”), as in the example under the right tab.
List the title of the image (in italics). Capitalize the first word of the title, the subtitle, and any proper nouns.
After the title, add a form-specific description in square brackets (important for identification and retrieval of the image).
Provide the name of the website where the stock image is located. Capitalize the first word and all major words.
End the reference with the URL of the image (do not include a period after the URL).

In the text

Parenthetical citation: (Reago & McClarren)

Narrative citation: Reago and McClarren (2022)

Please note Use this format for in-text citations if you have cited a stock image in the text, where you have not reproduced the work. If you do reproduce it, this is a form of qouting directly. You must then add a note below the image with details about the image. How to proceed when reproducing a visual work is explained in Subsection 2.5 Reproducing figures or tables from another source and Subsection 2.6 Templates & Examples.

Images and clip art from programs such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint can be used without attribution.

In the reference list

Maluson. (n.d.). Healthy posture [Clip art]. Gograph. https://www.gograph.com/clipart/healthy-posture-gg54139607.html

Begin the reference with the author’s real name if known. If only the username is known, provide the username.
Give the publication year. If the publication year cannot be determined, use “n.d.” (for “no date”).
List the title of the image (in italics).
After the title, add a form-specific description in square brackets (important for identification and retrieval of the work).
Provide the name of the website where the image is located. Capitalize the first word and all major words.
End the reference with the URL of the image (do not include a period after the URL).

In the text

Parenthetical citations: (Maluson, n.d.)

Narrative citations: Maluson (n.d.)

Please note Use this format for in-text citations if you have cited clip art, where you have not reproduced the work. If you do reproduce it, this is a form of quoting directly. You must then add a note below the image with details about the image. How to proceed when reproducing a visual work is explained in Section 2, on the pages Copyright & Guidelines for reproducing a figure or table and Reproduced & Adapted figures: Examples.

PowerPoint slides

Online (free web)
From an online learning environment (e.g., Canvas)

In the reference list

Vanderbauwhede, W. (2020, January 24). A few thoughts on work-life balance [PowerPoint slides]. Slideshare. https://www.slideshare.net/WimVanderbauwhede/a-few-thoughts-on-work-lifebalance

Begin the reference with the surname(s) and initial(s) of the author(s).
Give as specific a date as possible.
Include the title of the presentation (in italics).
After the title, add a form-specific description in square brackets (important for identification and retrieval of the PowerPoint slides).
Provide the name of the website where the presentation is located.
End the reference with the URL (do not put a dot after the URL).

In the text

Parenthetical citation: (Vanderbauwhede, 2020)

Narrative citation: Vanderbauwhede (2020)

Please note If the PowerPoint slides cannot be accessed by anyone, cite them as a personal communication (only in text).

In the reference list

van Wingerden, M. (2021, March 21). Noise, powerspectra & baseline normalization [PowerPointslides]. Canvas@TiU. https://tilburguniversity.instructure.com/

Begin the reference with the surname and initial of the author. Use the author's preferred spelling (van Wingerden, not Van Wingerden).
Give as specific a date as possible.
Include the title of the presentation (in italics).
After the title, add a form-specific description in square brackets (important for identification and retrieval of the PowerPoint slides).
Provide the site name on which the PowerPoint slides are hosted. Use the login page URL for sites requiring login.
End the reference with the URL (do not include a period after the URL).

In the text

Parenthetical citation: (van Wingerden, 2021)

Narrative citation: van Wingerden (2021)

Infographic

In the reference list

Cobrin, M. (2014). The art history timeline [Infographic]. Behance. http://https://www.behance.net/
gallery/17308455/The-Art-History-Timeline

Council of the European Union. (2021). EU in space [Infographic]. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/
infographics/eu-in-space/

Begin the reference with the surname(s) and initial(s) of the author(s), followed by the publication year.
List the title of the infographic (in italics).
After the title, add a form-specific description in square brackets (important for identification and retrieval of the infographic).
Provide de the name of the website where the infographic is located. When the author and the website name are identical the website name is omitted to avoid repetition (as in the second example),
End the reference with the URL (do not put a dot after the URL).

In the text

Parenthetical citations: (Cobrin, 2014; Council of the European Union, 2021)

Narrative citations: Cobrin (2014) and Council of the European Union (2021)

Please note Use the above format for in-text citations if you have cited an infographic in the text, where you have not reproduced the work. If you do reproduce it, this is a form of quoting directly. You must then add a note below the image with details about the image. How to proceed when reproducing a visual work is explained in Section 2, on the pages Copyright & Guidelines for reproducing a figure or table and Reproduced & Adapted figures: Examples.